科学家揭示了青铜时代南黎凡特人的基因组历史。这一成果由哈佛医学院David Reich、以色列耶路撒冷希伯来大学Liran Carmel和以色列特拉维夫大学Israel Finkelstein研究组合作经过不懈努力而取得。该研究成果发表在2020年5月28日出版的国际学术期刊《细胞》上。

研究人员报道了来自青铜和铁器时代南黎凡特五个考古遗址发掘的73个人的全基因组DNA数据。通过建模可以将这些具有“迦南人”物质文化的个体分为两个来源：（1）新石器时代早期当地的种群；（2）与石器时代扎格罗斯或青铜时代高加索地区有关的种群。非本地种群的影响随着时间的推移而增加，这可以通过三个离群值来证明，并可以将其作为新移民的后代。

该研究证据表明与其他族群相比，不同的“迦南人”族在遗传上更相似。研究发现，与黎凡特相关的现代人口通常具有不同的祖先，这些祖先来自与石器时代的扎格罗斯（Zagros）和青铜时代南部黎凡特（Bronze Age Southern）人口有关。这些群体的血系来源是研究人员无法利用现有数据进行完全建模的，这突显了过去3,000年间后青铜时代移民对该地区的重要作用。

附：英文原文

Title: The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant

Author: Lily Agranat-Tamir, Shamam Waldman, Mario A.S. Martin, David Gokhman, Nadav Mishol, Tzilla Eshel, Olivia Cheronet, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Nicole Adamski, Ann Marie Lawson, Matthew Mah, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Francesca Candilio, Denise Keating, Beatriz Gamarra, Shay Tzur, Mario Novak, Rachel Kalisher, Shlomit Bechar, Vered Eshed, Douglas J. Kennett, Marina Faerman, Naama Yahalom-Mack, Janet M. Monge, Yehuda Govrin, Yigal Erel, Benjamin Yakir, Ron Pinhasi, Shai Carmi, Israel Finkelstein, Liran Carmel, David Reich

Issue&Volume: 2020/05/28

Abstract: We report genome-wide DNA data for 73 individuals from five archaeological sites across the Bronze and Iron Ages Southern Levant. These individuals, who share the “Canaanite” material culture, can be modeled as descending from two sources: (1) earlier local Neolithic populations and (2) populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros or the Bronze Age Caucasus. The non-local contribution increased over time, as evinced by three outliers who can be modeled as descendants of recent migrants. We show evidence that different “Canaanite” groups genetically resemble each other more than other populations. We find that Levant-related modern populations typically have substantial ancestry coming from populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros and the Bronze Age Southern Levant. These groups also harbor ancestry from sources we cannot fully model with the available data, highlighting the critical role of post-Bronze-Age migrations into the region over the past 3,000 years.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.024

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30487-6