近日，美国哈佛大学公共卫生学院Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier及其研究组分析了鸡蛋摄入量和心血管疾病的风险。该项研究成果发表在2020年3月4日出版的《英国医学杂志》上。

为了评估美国男性和女性鸡蛋摄入量与心血管疾病风险之间的关系，研究组对前瞻性队列研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。

参与者包括83349名来自护士健康研究（NHS，1980-2012）的女性，90214名来自NHS II（1991-2013）的女性，42055名来自卫生专业人员随访研究（HPFS，1986-2012）的男性，他们在基线时均没有心血管疾病、2型糖尿病和癌症。突发性心血管疾病包括非致命性心肌梗塞、致命性冠心病和中风。

在长达32年的随访中，这三个队列中有14806名参与者发生心血管疾病。鸡蛋摄入量较高的参与者的体重指数较高，较少使用他汀类药物治疗，并且食用了更多的红肉。大多数人每周消耗一至五个鸡蛋。

在汇总的多变量分析中，校正与鸡蛋摄入量相关的更新后的生活方式和饮食因素后，每天至少摄入一个鸡蛋与发生心血管疾病的风险无关。在更新的前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析（33个风险估计，1720108名参与者，139195个心血管疾病事件）中，每天增加一个鸡蛋与心血管疾病风险无关。冠心病和中风的结果相似。按地理位置进行分层分析，在美国或欧洲人群中，未发现鸡蛋消耗与心血管疾病风险之间存在关联，但在亚洲队列研究中却发现了反向关联。

总之，适量食用鸡蛋（平均每天最多一个鸡蛋）与总体心血管疾病风险无关，但在亚洲人群中却降低了心血管疾病风险。

附：英文原文

Title: Egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: three large prospective US cohort studies, systematic review, and updated meta-analysis

Author: Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier, Siyu Chen, Yanping Li, Amanda L Schwab, Meir J Stampfer, Frank M Sacks, Bernard Rosner, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu, Shilpa N Bhupathiraju

Issue&Volume: 2020/03/04

Abstract: AbstractObjective To evaluate the association between egg intake and cardiovascular disease risk among women and men in the United States, and to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Design Prospective cohort study, and a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Setting Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1980-2012), NHS II (1991-2013), Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study (HPFS, 1986-2012).Participants Cohort analyses included 83349 women from NHS, 90214 women from NHS II, and 42055 men from HPFS who were free of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer at baseline.Main outcome measures Incident cardiovascular disease, which included non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, and stroke.Results Over up to 32 years of follow-up (>5.54 million person years), 14806 participants with incident cardiovascular disease were identified in the three cohorts. Participants with a higher egg intake had a higher body mass index, were less likely to be treated with statins, and consumed more red meats. Most people consumed between one and less than five eggs per week. In the pooled multivariable analysis, consumption of at least one egg per day was not associated with incident cardiovascular disease risk after adjustment for updated lifestyle and dietary factors associated with egg intake (hazard ratio for at least one egg per day v less than one egg per month 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 1.05). In the updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies (33 risk estimates, 1720108 participants, 139195 cardiovascular disease events), an increase of one egg per day was not associated with cardiovascular disease risk (pooled relative risk 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.03, I2=62.3%). Results were similar for coronary heart disease (21 risk estimates, 1411261 participants, 59713 coronary heart disease events; 0.96, 0.91 to 1.03, I2=38.2%), and stroke (22 risk estimates, 1059315 participants, 53617 stroke events; 0.99, 0.91 to 1.07, I2=71.5%). In analyses stratified by geographical location (P for interaction=0.07), no association was found between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease risk among US cohorts (1.01, 0.96 to 1.06, I2=30.8%) or European cohorts (1.05, 0.92 to 1.19, I2=64.7%), but an inverse association was seen in Asian cohorts (0.92, 0.85 to 0.99, I2=44.8%).Conclusions Results from the three cohorts and from the updated meta-analysis show that moderate egg consumption (up to one egg per day) is not associated with cardiovascular disease risk overall, and is associated with potentially lower cardiovascular disease risk in Asian populations.

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m513

Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m513