德国慕尼黑工业大学Tim Czopka课题组研究表明，少突胶质细胞前体细胞（OPC）的功能独特亚组整合神经活动并产生髓磷脂。这一研究成果2020年2月17日在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然—神经科学》上。

通过整合单个OPC克隆的谱系形成、单细胞转录组学、钙成像和神经活动操纵，研究表明斑马鱼脊髓中的OPC可分为两个功能上不同的组。一个亚组形成精细的过程网络，并表现出高度的钙信号传导，尽管与允许的轴突有接触但也很少分化。相反，这些OPC以活跃的和钙依赖性方式分裂，以产生另一个亚组，该亚组具有较高的过程运动性和较少的钙信号传导，并且易于区分。他们的数据表明，OPC亚组在对神经元的应答中在功能上是多种多样的，并且该活性调节OPC亚组的增殖，该亚组不同于生成分化的少突胶质细胞的细胞。

据介绍，最近的报道显示OPC是异质的。尚不清楚这种异质性是否反映具有不同功能的细胞的不同亚型，还是反映具有相同功能的细胞的瞬时获得状态。

附：英文原文

Title: Functionally distinct subgroups of oligodendrocyte precursor cells integrate neural activity and execute myelin formation

Author: Roberta Marisca, Tobias Hoche, Eneritz Agirre, Laura Jane Hoodless, Wenke Barkey, Franziska Auer, Gonalo Castelo-Branco, Tim Czopka

Issue&Volume: 2020-02-17

Abstract: Recent reports have revealed that oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are heterogeneous. It remains unclear whether such heterogeneity reflects different subtypes of cells with distinct functions or instead reflects transiently acquired states of cells with the same function. By integrating lineage formation of individual OPC clones, single-cell transcriptomics, calcium imaging and neural activity manipulation, we show that OPCs in the zebrafish spinal cord can be divided into two functionally distinct groups. One subgroup forms elaborate networks of processes and exhibits a high degree of calcium signaling, but infrequently differentiates despite contact with permissive axons. Instead, these OPCs divide in an activity- and calcium-dependent manner to produce another subgroup, with higher process motility and less calcium signaling and that readily differentiates. Our data show that OPC subgroups are functionally diverse in their response to neurons and that activity regulates the proliferation of a subset of OPCs that is distinct from the cells that generate differentiated oligodendrocytes.

DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0581-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0581-2