华南师范大学生物光子学院胡祥龙团队近日在过氧亚硝酸盐的药物递送和控制释放研究中取得一项新成果。相关论文发表在2020年11月19日出版的《德国应用化学》杂志上。

研究小组报道了载有一氧化氮（NO）供体的无光敏剂聚合物纳米胶囊，即NO‐NCPs，由可吸收近红外光的两亲性聚合物和一氧化氮供体DETA NONOate组成。该纳米胶囊可在癌细胞的酸性溶酶体中裂解并实现一氧化氮的可控释放。

更重要的是，在脉冲激光照射下，光声空泡化会激发水以产生大量的活性氧（ROS），例如超氧自由基（O₂^-），然后与原位释放的一氧化氮自发反应生成高细胞毒性的过氧亚硝酸盐（ONOO^-）。过氧亚硝酸盐可大大促进线粒体损伤并切断DNA，从而启动癌细胞的程序性死亡。除光声成像外，光声空化作用还可以通过无光敏剂材料从内部扩增高活性物质，从而实现疾病的诊疗一体化。

据了解，光声技术是一种将光能转化为声波的技术。取决于脉冲激光的能量密度，该技术可用于成像或治疗目的。

附：英文原文

Title: Photoacoustic Cavitation‐Ignited Reactive Oxygen Species to Amplify Peroxynitrite Burst by Photosensitization‐free Polymeric Nanocapsules

Author: Zhixiong Wang, Meixiao Zhan, Weijie Li, Chengyan Chu, Da Xing, Siyu Lu, Xianglong Hu

Issue&Volume: 19 November 2020

Abstract: Photoacoustic (PA) technology can transform light energy into acoustic wave   , which  can be used for either imaging or therapy that depends on the power density of pulsed laser. Here, we report photosensitizer‐free polymeric nanocapsules loaded with nitric oxide (NO) donors, namely NO‐NCPs, formulated from  NIR light‐absorbable amphiphilic polymers  and a NO‐releasing donor, DETA NONOate. Controlled NO release and nanocapsule dissociation are achieved in acidic lysosomes of cancer cells. More importantly, upon pulsed laser irradiation, the PA cavitation can excite water to generate significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical (O  2  ‐  ), which further spontaneously reacts with the  in‐situ  released NO to burst highly cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO  ‐  ) in cancer cells. The resultant ONOO  ‐  generation greatly promotes mitochondrial damage and DNA fragmentation to initiate programmed cancer cell death. Apart from PA imaging, PA cavitation can intrinsically amplify reactive species via photosensitization‐free materials for promising disease theranostics.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013301

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202013301