美国华盛顿大学Simon I. Hay小组成功绘制2000-2017年间非洲纯母乳喂养的地理分布图。 该成果于2019年8月发表在国际知名学术期刊《自然—医学》上。

该研究团队对2000 - 2017年间49个非洲国家的纯母乳喂养普及率和趋势进行精细的地理空间分析，并提供了与政策相关的行政和国家层面的估算。国家层面的以往分析表明，大多数国家到2025年将无法达到世界卫生组织的全球营养目标，即50%的纯母乳喂养普及率。该研究团队的结果表明，在所有的次国家地区，能够实现这一目标的地区甚至更少。该研究有助于“可视化”次国家地区的纯母乳喂养变化差异，以及识别出需要对纯母乳喂养额外提供支持的人群。

研究人员表示，只给婴儿母乳（以及必需的药物、口服补液盐和维生素）并且在婴儿出生后的前六个月内不给任何食物或饮料的纯母乳喂养，是预防儿童死亡的最有效策略之一。2017年在 非洲，只有37%的六月龄以下婴儿享受到了纯母乳喂养，纯母乳喂养的现状依不同人群而异。

附：英文原文

Title: Mapping exclusive breastfeeding in Africa between 2000 and 2017

Author: Natalia V. Bhattacharjee, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Laurie B. Marczak, Jennifer M. Ross, Scott J. Swartz, James Albright, William M. Gardner, Chloe Shields, Amber Sligar, Megan F. Schipp, Brandon V. Pickering, Nathaniel J. Henry, Kimberly B. Johnson, Celia Louie, Michael A. Cork, Krista M. Steuben, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Dan Lu, Damaris K. Kinyoki, Aaron Osgood-Zimmerman, Lucas Earl, Jonathan F. Mosser, Aniruddha Deshpande, Roy Burstein, Lauren P. Woyczynski, Katherine F. Wilson, John D. VanderHeide, Kirsten E. Wiens, Robert C. Reiner, Ellen G. Piwoz, Rahul Rawat, Benn Sartorius, Nicole Davis Weaver, Molly R. Nixon, David L. Smith, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Emmanuela Gakidou, Stephen S. Lim, Ali H. Mokdad, Christopher J. L. Murray, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Simon I. Hay

Issue&Volume: Volume 25 Issue 8, August 2019

Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)giving infants only breast-milk (and medications, oral rehydration salts and vitamins as needed) with no additional food or drink for their first six months of lifeis one of the most effective strategies for preventing child mortality14. Despite these advantages, only 37% of infants under 6months of age in Africa were exclusively breastfed in 20175, and the practice of EBF varies by population. Here, we present a fine-scale geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence and trends in 49 African countries from 2000-2017, providing policy-relevant administrative- and national-level estimates. Previous national-level analyses found that most countries will not meet the World Health Organizations Global Nutrition Target of 50% EBF prevalence by 20256. Our analyses show that even fewer will achieve this ambition in all subnational areas. Our estimates provide the ability to visualize subnational EBF variability and identify populations in need of additional breastfeeding support.

DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0525-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0525-0