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标题：How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions
来源：《密码学进展—EUROCRYPT 2005》2005年3494卷19-35页
作者：山东大学 Xiao-Yun Wang（王小云）, Hong-Bo Yu（于洪波）
Research Fronts: EFFICIENT COLLISION SEARCH ATTACKS; HASH FUNCTIONS MD4; REDUCED SHA-1; FULL SHA-1; COLLISION ATTACKS
领域：计算机科学
摘要：MD5 is one of the most widely used cryptographic hash functions nowadays. It was designed in 1992 as an improvement of MD4, and its security was widely studied since then by several authors. The best known result so far was a semi free-start collision, in which the initial value of the hash function is replaced by a non-standard value, which is the result of the attack. In this paper we present a new powerful attack on MD5 which allows us to find collisions efficiently. We used this attack to find collisions of MD5 in about 15 minutes up to an hour computation time. The attack is a differential attack, which unlike most differential attacks, does not use the exclusive-or as a measure of difference, but instead uses modular integer subtraction as the measure. We call this kind of differential a modular differential. An application of this attack to MD4 can find a collision in less than a fraction of a second. This attack is also applicable to other hash functions, such as RIPEMD and HAVAL.
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