近日，美国南加州大学洛杉矶分校Andrew B. Newman团队报道了红移2处一个休眠黑洞的恒星动力学质量测量。相关论文于2026年6月4日发表在《科学》杂志上。
超大质量黑洞与其宿主星系随时间协同演化，由此在黑洞质量与多项星系物理参数之间产生相关性。确定这些相关性的演化规律需要精确测量遥远黑洞的质量。
研究组利用詹姆斯?韦伯太空望远镜的积分场光谱技术，对红移z=1.95处引力透镜静止星系 MRG-M0138 开展观测，以在空间上解析黑洞影响范围内恒星的运动学特征。借助前景引力透镜模型并拟合恒星动力学模型，研究组测得该休眠黑洞质量为M.=6.0+2.1-1.7×109 倍太阳质量。将此结果与本土星系对比后发现：相较于星系核球质量M.值偏高；但与M.和恒星速度弥散之间的相关性一致。
附：英文原文
Title: A stellar dynamical mass measurement of an inactive black hole at redshift 2
Author: Andrew B. Newman, Meng Gu, Sirio Belli, Richard S. Ellis, Sai Gangula, Jenny E. Greene, Jonelle L. Walsh, Sherry H. Suyu, Sebastian Ertl, Gabriel Caminha, Giovanni Granata, Claudio Grillo, Stefan Schuldt, Tania M. Barone, Simeon Bird, Karl Glazebrook, Marziye Jafariyazani, Mariska Kriek, Allison Matthews, Takahiro Morishita, Themiya Nanayakkara, Justin D. R. Pierel, Ana Acebrón, Pietro Bergamini, Sangjun Cha, Jose M. Diego, Nicholas Foo, Brenda Frye, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, M. James Jee, Patrick S. Kamieneski, Anton M. Koekemoer, Asish K. Meena, Shun Nishida, Masamune Oguri, Piero Rosati, Adi Zitrin
Issue&Volume: 2026-06-04
Abstract: Supermassive black holes and their host galaxies grow together over time, producing correlations between the black hole mass and various galaxy properties. Determining the evolution of these correlations requires precise measurements of the masses of distant black holes. We observed the gravitationally lensed quiescent galaxy MRG-M0138 at redshift 1.95 using James Webb Space Telescope integral field spectroscopy to spatially resolve the kinematics of stars within the black hole’s sphere of influence. By using a foreground lens model and fitting stellar dynamical models, we determined the mass of its inactive black hole to be M.=6.0+2.1-1.7×109 solar masses. Comparing this measurement to local galaxies, we found that M. is higher than expected given the galaxy’s bulge mass but consistent with the correlation of M.with stellar velocity dispersion.
DOI: adx5816
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx5816