近日，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院Anatoly Kulikov团队报道了实验随机性放大。2026年5月27日，《自然》杂志发表了这一成果。

现实的量子信息处理设备本质上是不完美的，导致需要量子纠错的计算误差。同样，此类设备生成的随机比特也存在缺陷，必须经过增强才能用于生成加密密钥等应用。这种随机性质量的提升通过一种称为“随机性放大”的协议来实现。、

究组报道了一项实现该协议的实验。随机性放大具有设备无关性，即不对量子设备的内部运行机制作任何假设。它需要在特定的参数范围内执行无漏洞贝尔测试，涉及高贝尔违背和高重复率。实验演示之所以有望成功，得益于理论进展（使用满足实验可行的参数机制）和实验突破（利用超导电路成功实现该机制）。关键之处在于，纯粹经典手段已被证明无法实现随机性放大。因此，该实验展示了明确的量子优势，即利用量子技术完成经典信息处理无法完成的任务。

附：英文原文

Title: Experimental randomness amplification

Author: Kulikov, Anatoly, Storz, Simon, Schr, Josua D., Sandfuchs, Martin, Wolf, Ramona, Berterottire, Florence, Hellings, Christoph, Wallraff, Andreas, Renner, Renato

Issue&Volume: 2026-05-27

Abstract: Realistic quantum information processing devices are inherently imperfect, leading to computational errors that require quantum error correction. Likewise, random bits generated by such devices are flawed and must be enhanced to be usable for applications such as generating cryptographic keys. This enhancement of randomness quality is achieved through a protocol known as randomness amplification1. Here we report on an experiment that implements such a protocol. Randomness amplification is device-independent, making no assumptions about the internal workings of the quantum devices. It requires executing a loophole-free Bell test2,3,4 within a specific parameter regime that involves both a high Bell violation and a high repetition rate. The experimental demonstration is made possible by a combination of theoretical advances, which allow for protocols with an experimentally realistic parameter regime, and experimental progress that achieves this regime with superconducting circuits. Crucially, randomness amplification has been proven to be impossible by purely classical means5. This experiment therefore demonstrates a definitive quantum advantage—leveraging quantum technology to accomplish a task unattainable by classical information processing.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10521-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10521-8