哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）张嘉恒团队报道了3,5-二氨基-6-羟基-2-氧化物-4-硝基嘧啶及其衍生物的合同，离理想不敏感高能分子又近了一步。相关研究成果发表在2021年8月5日出版的《美国化学会杂志》。

实现不敏感高能分子（IHEM）的开发目标是一项重大挑战。

该文以2,4,6-三氨基-5-硝基嘧啶-1,3-二氧化物水合物（ICM-102水合物）为原料，一步合成了3,5-二氨基-6-羟基-2-氧化物-4-硝基嘧啶酮（IHEM-1）。化合物IHEM-1的密度为1.95 g cm^–3，分解温度为271°C。其爆速和爆压分别为8660 ms^–1和33.64 GPa，远优于1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯（TATB）的爆轰性能，其灵敏度与TATB相同。

此外，基于弱碱基（N–O基团）制备了在四种衍生物（1a，氯化物；1b，硝酸盐；1c，高氯酸盐；1d，二硝基酰胺），并显示出优异的能量性质。IHEM-1具有制备简单、产率高、密度高、在水溶液中溶解度低、热稳定性高、不敏感、爆轰性能好等一系列优点，是一种理想的钝感高能分子。化合物1b–1d作为新的高能量密度材料也具有竞争力。

附：英文原文

Title: One Step Closer to an Ideal Insensitive Energetic Molecule: 3,5-Diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone and its Derivatives

Author: Jichuan Zhang, Yongan Feng, Yiyang Bo, Richard J. Staples, Jiaheng Zhang, Jean’ne M. Shreeve

Issue&Volume: August 5, 2021

Abstract: Reaching the goal of developing an insensitive high-energy molecule (IHEM) is a major challenge. In this study, 3,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-2-oxide-4-nitropyrimidone (IHEM-1) was synthesized in one step from 2,4,6-triamino-5-nitropyrimidine-1,3-dioxide hydrate (ICM-102 hydrate). The density of compound IHEM-1 is 1.95 g cm–3 with a decomposition temperature of 271 °C. Its detonation velocity and pressure are 8660 m s–1 and 33.64 GPa, respectively, which are far superior to the detonation performance of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), while its sensitivity is identical with that of TATB. In addition, four derivatives (1a, chloride; 1b, nitrate; 1c, perchlorate; and 1d, dinitramide) were prepared on the basis of the weak base site (N–O group) and show excellent energetic properties. By combining a series of advantages, including simple preparation, high yield, high density, very low solubility in aqueous solution, high thermostability, insensitivity, and excellent detonation performance, IHEM-1 approaches an ideal insensitive high-energy molecule. Compounds 1b–1d are also competitive as new high-energy-density materials.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05292

Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c05292